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Chapter 8: Manufacturing Industries

Geography • Class 12 • Class 12 Indian Human Geography

8

Manufacturing Industries

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Geography • Class 12 • Class 12 Indian Human Geography

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Prelims High-Yield Explanations & Traps

  • part of an
  • manufacturing centres
  • to locate the
  • cotton textile producers
  • centre with nearly half the mills
  • centres
  • centres
  • centres
  • centres are
  • centres
  • agro-based industry in the country
  • sugar
  • sugarcane producing districts in Bihar
  • among them
  • industrial centres are Mumbai,
  • industrial centres of this
  • industries are textiles,
  • textile region with the
  • industrial centres of this region are
  • industries in this region

Essential Definitions & Formulas

Another method of classifying industries
on the basis of raw materials used by them.
Another common classification of industries
based on the nature of the manufactured products.
Petroleum refineries are also located near the markets as the transport of crude oil
easier and several products derived from them are used as raw material in other industries.
Why
there no iron and steel industry in U.
Location of industries
influenced by several factors like access to raw materials, power, market, capital, transport and labour, etc.
There
strong relationship between raw material and type of industry.
It
economical to locate the manufacturing industries at a place where cost of production and delivery cost of manufactured goods to consumers are the least.
This
why most of the iron and steel industries are located either near coalfields (Bokaro, Durgapur, etc.
Major Industries The iron and steel industry
basic to the industrial development of any country.
The cotton textile Industry
one of our traditional industries.
The sugar Industry
based on local raw materials which prospered even in the British period.
The iron ore for the plant is obtained from Noamundi and Badam Pahar and coal
brought from Joda mines in Odisha.
Water
obtained from the Barakar River, a tributary of the Damodar.
The Hirakud project supplies power for the electric furnaces and water
obtained from the Koel and Sankh rivers.
Hydel power and water
obtained from the Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC).
Water and hydel power
supplied by the Damodar Valley Corporation.
Vishakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh
the first port-based plant which started operating in 1992.
Its port location
of advantage.
The Cotton Textile Industry The cotton textile industry
one of the traditional industries of India.
Cotton
a “pure” raw material which does not lose weight in the manufacturing process.

Related PYQs (30)

2017•Prelims•Paper 1 (GS)•Q.74

Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) are used to create digital display in many devices. What are the advantages of OLED displays over Liquid Crystal displays?

1
OLED displays can be fabricated on flexible plastic substrates.
2
Roll-up displays embedded in clothing can be made using OLEDs.
3
Transparent displays are possible using OLEDs.
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2019•Prelims•Paper 2 (CSAT)•Q.41
Which one of the following is the most logical, rational and crucial message conveyed by the above passage ?
CSAT
2019•Prelims•Paper 2 (CSAT)•Q.42

On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made :

1
The issue of effects of natural calamities on agriculture is not given due consideration by GM technology companies.
2
In the long run, GM technology will not be able to solve agricultural problems arising due to global warming.
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2019•Prelims•Paper 2 (CSAT)•Q.43
Which one of the following is the most logical and rational inference that can be made from the above passage ?
CSAT
2019•Prelims•Paper 2 (CSAT)•Q.44

On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made :

1
Food safety is a complex issue that calls for a multipronged solution.
2
Great investments need to be made in developing the manpower for surveillance and training.
3
India needs to make sufficient legislation for governing food processing industry.
CSAT
2019•Prelims•Paper 2 (CSAT)•Q.45
The passage seems to argue
CSAT
2020•Prelims•Paper 1 (GS)•Q.94

With reference to chemical fertilizers in India, consider the following statements:

1
At present, the retail price of chemical fertilizers is market-driven and not administered by the Government.
2
Ammonia, which is an input of urea, is produced from natural gas.
3
Sulphur, which is a raw material for phosphoric acid fertilizer, is a by-product of oil refineries.
GS-III
2021•Prelims•Paper 1 (GS)•Q.17

Why is there a concern about copper smelting plants?

1
They may release lethal quantities of carbon monoxide into environment.
2
The copper slag can cause the leaching of some heavy metals into environment.
3
They may release sulphur dioxide as a pollutant.
General issues on Environmental ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change
2026•Prelims•Paper 1 (GS)•Q.29

Which of the following is/are the most significant implication(s) of obtaining Oeko-Tex certification for Eri Silk in the global textile industry?

1
It allows Indian exporters to compete in high-end markets that prioritise chemical-free products.
2
It confirms that Eri Silk meets international safety, environmental, and quality standards, enabling its entry into premium eco-conscious markets.
Economic and Social Development
2026•Prelims•Paper 1 (GS)•Q.68

Which of the following items of defence hardware is/are manufactured in India?

1
Su-30 MKI Fighter Jets
2
T-90 MK-III Tanks
3
Akula Class Submarine
Science and Technology
2026•Prelims•Paper 1 (GS)•Q.79

Which of the following statements about DHRUV64 is/are correct?

1
It is the third chip fabricated under the DIR-V Programme with an overall aim to enable the creation of microprocessors for India.
2
It is India's first homegrown 1.0 GHz, 64-bit dual-core microprocessor.
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2026•Prelims•Paper 1 (GS)•Q.83
Which one of the following pairs of semiconductor plants in India and their locations is not correctly matched?
Science and Technology
2016•Mains•GS-III•Q.12
Discuss India's achievements in the field of Space Science and Technology. How the application of this technology has helped India in its socio-economic development?
GS-III
2016•Mains•GS-III•Q.13
Why is nanotechnology one of the key technologies of the 21st century? Describe the salient features of Indian Government's Mission on Nanoscience and Technology and the scope of its application in the development process of the country.
GS-III
2017•Mains•GS-I•Q.15
Petroleum refineries are not necessarily located nearer to crude oil producing areas, particularly in many of the developing countries. Explain its implications.
Geography
2017•Mains•GS-III•Q.5
What are the reasons for poor acceptance of cost-effective small processing unit? How the food processing unit will be helpful to uplift the socio-economic status of poor farmers?
GS-III
2018•Mains•GS-I•Q.16
What is the significance of Industrial Corridors in India? Identifying industrial corridors, explain their main characteristics.
Geography
2018•Mains•GS-III•Q.4
Examine the role of supermarkets in supply chain management of fruits, vegetables and food items. How do they eliminate number of intermediaries?
GS-III
2019•Mains•GS-I•Q.6
Can the strategy of regional resource-based manufacturing help in promoting employment in India?
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2019•Mains•GS-I•Q.7
Discuss the factors for localisation of agro-based food processing industries of North-West India.
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2019•Mains•GS-III•Q.14
Elaborate the policy taken by the Government of India to meet the challenges of the food processing sector.
GS-III
2020•Mains•GS-I•Q.7
Account for the present location of iron and steel industries away from the source of raw material, by giving examples.
GS-I
2020•Mains•GS-III•Q.4
What are the challenges and opportunities of food processing sector in the country? How can income of the farmers be substantially increased by encouraging food processing?
GS-III
2022•Mains•GS-III•Q.4
Elaborate the scope and significance of the food processing industry in India.
Food Processing Industry
2025•Mains•GS-I•Q.18
1
Raj's apartment was three floors underneath the Subramanian residence.
2
There was little space below the tin roof and the scaffolding for the squirrel to hide in.
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2025•Mains•GS-III•Q.14
Examine the scope of the food processing industries in India. Elaborate the measures taken by the government in the food processing industries for generating employment opportunities.
GS-III
2025•Mains•GS-III•Q.15
How does nanotechnology offer significant advancements in the field of agriculture? How can this technology help to uplift the socio-economic status of farmers?
GS-III
2025•Mains•GS-III•Q.16
1
The delivery reached its destination just about time.
2
The evidence presented by Shyam states something different than what is being presented by Ram.
3
That is the difference of somebody doing his duty and not doing his duty.
GS-III
2026•Mains•GS-III•Q.5
Explain by giving two examples, how biotechnology has helped the Indian farmers in processing their perishable crops.
GS-III - Food Processing & Biotechnology
2015•Prelims•Paper 1 (GS)•Q.58
In India, the steel production industry requires the import of
Economy