UPSC Prep Engine

Chapter 10: Transport and Communication

Geography • Class 12 • Class 12 Indian Human Geography

10

Transport and Communication

Saved in Database

Geography • Class 12 • Class 12 Indian Human Geography

Open Full BookDrive

Prelims High-Yield Explanations & Traps

  • ports, railway
  • towns
  • nodes in the district
  • roads along the
  • nodes?
  • mode of transport
  • achievements of
  • waterways in
  • role in the transport sector of India’s economy
  • of transportation
  • of transport for the masses
  • of transport and is most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky material
  • of transport, they are also attracting a large number of tourists in Kerala
  • of movement from one place to the other
  • of communication were also the means of transportation
  • of communication
  • of transportation in India? Discuss the factors affecting their development
  • the process by which groundwater reservoir is augmented at a rate exceeding that under natural condition of replenishment
  • the culturable land irrigated by a canal system
  • of conservation and regeneration of degraded ecosystem and ecological sustainability

Essential Definitions & Formulas

All the production
meant for consumption.
It
the transportation of these items from the site of their production to the market which make them available to the consumer.
The following diagram shows the major
of transportation.
Road transport
relatively suitable for shorter distance travel.
It
bifurcated intoAmritsar to Kolkata.
It
bifurcated into Amritsar to Kolkata.
It
bifurcated intoAmritsar to Kolkata.
It
bifurcated into Amritsar to Kolkata.
It
bifurcated into 2 segments : (a) National Highway(NH)-12 segments : (a) National Highway(NH)-1 2 segments : (a) National Highway(NH)-12 segments : (a) National Highway(NH)-1 2 segments : (a) National Highway(NH)-1 from Delhi to from Delhi to from Delhi to from Delhi to from Delhi to AmritsarAmritsar AmritsarAmritsar Amritsar , and (b) NH- 2, and (b) NH- 2 , and (b) NH- 2, and (b) NH- 2 , and (b) NH- 2 from Delhi to Kolkata.
It
an autonomous body under the Ministry of Surface Transport.
It
entrusted with the responsibility of development, maintenance and operation of National Highways.
This
also the apex body to improve the quality of the roads designated as National Highways.
Leh National Highways
suspended as upper reaches of J&K saw heavy snowfall while rain lashed the plains.
There
regional variation in the density of rural road because these are influenced by the nature of the terrain.
It
a premier multifaceted construction agency.
The Tunnel
built with ultra-modern specifications in the Pir Panjal range of Himalayas at an altitude of 3000 metres from the Mean Sea Level (MSL).
Bharatmala
a proposed umbrella scheme for: (i)Development of State roads along coastal border areas, including connectivity of non- major ports; (ii)Backward areas religious and tourist places connectivity programme; (iii)Setubharatam Pariyojana, which is for the consruction of about 1500 major bridges and 200 rail over bridges rail under bridges; District Headquarters connectivity Scheme for the development of about 9000 km newly declared National Highways.
The programme
targeted for completion by 2022.
Indian Railways
the largest government undertaking in the country.
The distance between rails in broad gauge
1.

Related PYQs (34)

2016•Prelims•Paper 1 (GS)•Q.35
'Project Loon', sometimes seen in the news, is related to
Science and Technology
2016•Prelims•Paper 1 (GS)•Q.96
Recently, which of the following States has explored the possibility of constructing an artificial inland port to be connected to sea by a long navigational channel?
Infrastructure
2017•Prelims•Paper 1 (GS)•Q.49
If you travel by road from Kohima to Kottayam, what is the minimum number of States within India through which you can travel, including the origin and the destination?
Geography
2018•Prelims•Paper 1 (GS)•Q.55

In which of the following areas can GPS technology be used ?

1
Mobile phone operations
2
Banking operations
3
Controlling the power grids
General Science
2019•Prelims•Paper 1 (GS)•Q.75

With reference to communication technologies, what is/are the difference/differences between LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and VoLTE (Voice over Long-Term Evolution)?

1
LTE is commonly marketed as 3G and VoLTE is commonly marketed as advanced 3G.
2
LTE is data-only technology and VoLTE is voice-only technology.
Telecom Technology
2020•Prelims•Paper 1 (GS)•Q.39

With reference to Visible Light Communication (VLC) technology, which of the following statements are correct?

1
VLC uses electromagnetic spectrum wavelengths 375 to 780 nm.
2
VLC is known as long-range optical wireless communication.
3
VLC can transmit large amounts of data faster than Bluetooth.
4
VLC has no electromagnetic interference.
General Science
2023•Prelims•Paper 1 (GS)•Q.10

With reference to India's projects on connectivity, consider the following statements :

1
East-West Corridor under Golden Quadrilateral Project connects Dibrugarh and Surat.
2
Trilateral Highway connects Moreh in Manipur and Chiang Mai in Thailand via Myanmar.
3
Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor connects Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh with Kunming in China.
Infrastructure
2024•Prelims•Paper 1 (GS)•Q.11

Consider the following airports:

1
Donyi Polo Airport
2
Kushinagar International Airport
3
Vijayawada International Airport In the recent past, which of the above have been constructed as Greenfield projects?
Infrastructure
2024•Prelims•Paper 1 (GS)•Q.35

Consider the following aircraft:

1
Rafael
2
MiG-29
3
Tejas MK-1
General Science
2025•Prelims•Paper 1 (GS)•Q.42
With reference to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), consider the following statements : I. All types of UAVs can do vertical landing. II. All types of UAVs can do automated hovering. III. All types of UAVs can use battery only as a source of power supply. How many of the statements given above are correct?
General Science
2025•Prelims•Paper 1 (GS)•Q.47
Consider the following statements : I. It is expected that Majorana 1 chip will enable quantum computing. II. Majorana 1 chip has been introduced by Amazon Web Services (AWS). III. Deep learning is a subset of machine learning. Which of the statements given above are correct?
General Science
2025•Prelims•Paper 1 (GS)•Q.62
India is one of the founding members of the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC), a multimodal transportation corridor, which will connect
GS-II
2025•Prelims•Paper 1 (GS)•Q.82
Consider the following statements : I. Indian Railways have prepared a National Rail Plan (NRP) to create a 'future ready' railway system by 2028. II. 'Kavach' is an Automatic Train Protection system developed in collaboration with Germany. III. 'Kavach' system consists of RFID tags fitted on track in station section. Which of the statements given above are not correct?
Infrastructure
2025•Prelims•Paper 1 (GS)•Q.94
GPS-Aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) uses a system of ground stations to provide necessary augmentation. Which of the following statements is/are correct in respect of GAGAN? I. It is designed to provide additional accuracy and integrity. II. It will allow more uniform and high quality air traffic management. III. It will provide benefits only in aviation but not in other modes of transportation. Select the correct answer using the code given below.
General Science
2026•Prelims•Paper 1 (GS)•Q.35

Consider the following statements with reference to the Sagarmala Programme of the Government of India: I. The Sagarmala Programme seeks to achieve port-led economic growth through cost-effective and sustainable coastal infrastructure. II. The success of the Sagarmala Programme is reflected in significant growth in coastal and inland waterway shipping, along with improved global port rankings. III. Sagarmala 2.0 aims to position India as a global maritime innovation hub aligned with Atmanirbhar Bharat and Viksit Bharat 2047 visions. Which of the following relationships among the above statements is/are correct?

1
Statement II validates the effectiveness of the strategies envisioned in statement I.
2
Statement III extends the objectives of statement I by embedding them into a future-oriented innovation framework.
3
Statement I contradicts statement III by focusing only on traditional infrastructure instead of modern innovation.
Governance
2026•Prelims•Paper 1 (GS)•Q.46

Consider the following statements with regard to involvement of private entities in India's space programme:

1
The Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe) is an autonomous agency formed to facilitate participation of private entities.
2
Agnikul Cosmos launched the world's first flight using 3D-printed rocket engine.
3
Skyroot Aerospace has developed liquid fuel for GSLV.
Space Technology
2026•Prelims•Paper 1 (GS)•Q.47

Which of the following statements with regard to drone swarms is/are correct?

1
They use Terahertz band of frequency to communicate with the command centre.
2
Individual drones in the swarm can communicate with other drones in the swarm.
3
GPS Spoofing is a commonly used technique to counter drone swarm attack.
Internal Security
2026•Prelims•Paper 1 (GS)•Q.49

Which of the following statements with regard to the National Quantum Mission (NQM) is/are correct?

1
It aims at developing intermediate-scale quantum computers with 50 - 1000 physical qubits.
2
Its implementation includes setting up of four Thematic Hubs (T-Hubs) in academic and national R&D institutes across India.
Quantum Technology
2026•Prelims•Paper 1 (GS)•Q.61

Consider the following statements about river bridges connecting India with neighbouring countries:

1
'Maitri Setu', built over Feni river, connects Ramgarh in India with Sabroom in Bangladesh.
2
Jhulaghat suspension bridge connects India with Myanmar.
3
Mechi bridge and its approaches connect Panitanki Bypass in India with Kakarvitta in Nepal.
Geography
2026•Prelims•Paper 1 (GS)•Q.96

Which of the following statements about insurance in aviation sector is/are correct?

1
'Aviation Hull Insurance' covers the physical aircraft, including the body, engine, and on-board equipment.
2
Under the Montreal Convention, adopted in 1999 by over 130 countries, including India, airlines are strictly liable to pay compensation to the family/nominee of every deceased passenger without requiring the family to prove fault.
Infrastructure
2016•Mains•GS-III•Q.12
Discuss India's achievements in the field of Space Science and Technology. How the application of this technology has helped India in its socio-economic development?
GS-III
2016•Mains•GS-III•Q.13
Why is nanotechnology one of the key technologies of the 21st century? Describe the salient features of Indian Government's Mission on Nanoscience and Technology and the scope of its application in the development process of the country.
GS-III
2019•Mains•GS-I•Q.16
How is efficient and affordable urban mass transport key to the rapid economic development of India?
GS-I
2019•Mains•GS-II•Q.8
Implementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) based Projects/Programmes usually suffers in terms of certain vital factors. Identify these factors, and suggest measures for their effective implementation.
Governance
2020•Mains•GS-III•Q.3
What are the main constraints in transport and marketing of agricultural produce in India?
Agricultural Marketing
2022•Mains•GS-I•Q.16
Mention the significance of straits and isthmus in international trade.
GS-I Geography
2022•Mains•GS-II•Q.6
The Gati-Shakti Yojana needs meticulous coordination between the government and the private sector to achieve the goal of connectivity. Discuss.
Economy
2022•Mains•GS-III•Q.1
Why is Public Private Partnership (PPP) required in infrastructural projects? Examine the role of PPP model in the redevelopment of Railway Stations in India.
Infrastructure
2023•Mains•GS-I•Q.14
Comment on the resource potentials of the long coastline of India and highlight the status of natural hazard preparedness in these areas.
GS-I
2024•Mains•GS-III•Q.12
What is the need for expanding the regional air connectivity in India? In this context, discuss the government's UDAN Scheme and its achievements.
GS-III
2026•Mains•GS-I•Q.15
Analyze the role of satellite-based technologies in achieving climate-smart agriculture and food security in India.
Science and Technology
2013•Prelims•Paper 2 (CSAT)•Q.11
Which mode of transport would help one to reach R starting from Q, but without changing the mode of transport?
CSAT
2014•Prelims•Paper 2 (CSAT)•Q.77

Consider the following pairs: National Highway : Cities connected

1
NH 4 : Chennai and Hyderabad
2
NH 6 : Mumbai and Kolkata
3
NH 15 : Ahmedabad and Jodhpur
Geography
2015•Prelims•Paper 1 (GS)•Q.32

With reference to 'Near Field Communication (NFC) Technology', which of the following statements is/are correct?

1
It is a contactless communication technology that uses electromagnetic radio fields.
2
NFC is designed for use by devices which can be at a distance of even a metre from each other.
3
NFC can use encryption when sending sensitive information.
General Science