Prelims High-Yield Explanations & Traps

• segment of the population
• figure in the
• to control territory and not just
• goal
• in

Essential Definitions & Formulas

Over the last two centuries there have been major changes in the way agriculture

organised.

A lot of this diversity

fast disappearing.

This

a dense forest, so very little sunlight falls on the forest floor.

The disappearance of forests

referred to as deforestation.

Deforestation

not a recent problem.

There is no more interesting question of the present day than that of what

to be done with the worldís land which is lying unimproved; whether it shall go to the great power that is willing to turn it to account, or remain with its original owner, who fails to understand its value.

This

the model that ëscientificí forestry has promoted.

This

called a plantation.

Almost everything

available in the forest ñ leaves can be stitched together to make disposable plates and cups, the siadi (Bauhinia vahlii) creeper can be used to make ropes, and the thorny bark of the semur (silk-cotton) tree is used to grate vegetables.

The sale of tendu leaves

a major source of income for many people living in forests.

This

a traditional agricultural practice in many parts of Asia, Africa and South America.

A mixture of crops

grown on these plots.

The bamboo trap which the boy is holding in his right hand

kept at the mouth of a stream ñ the fish flow into it.

The only wealth we possess

our axe.

A cultivator of the grass

not deprived of his holding, but the government does not give us our right who have lived here for generations past.

The People of Bastar Bastar

located in the southernmost part of Chhattisgarh and borders Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and Maharashtra.

The central part of Bastar

on a plateau.

To the north of this plateau is the Chhattisgarh plain and to its south

the Godavari plain.

Here a sepoy

guarding the camp against rebels.

Every year there

one big hunt where the headmen of villages in a pargana (cluster of villages) meet and discuss issues of concern, including forests.

NCERT Thought Questions

• Source B ëThe new line to be constructed was the Indus Valley Railway
• If you were the Government of India in 1862 and responsible for supplying the railways
• Children living around forest areas can often identify hundreds of species of trees and plants.
• what these changes are and why they have happened.

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