Sociology • Sociology Paper-II • 2026 • Q.6
Sociology Paper-II
(a) Differentiate between protests and movements. Discuss some of those movements which changed the fabric of Indian agrarian society during the colonial period.
(b) Synchronise the developmental programmes and social change in India, and describe them through visible and lived experiences.
(c) Why was the category of 'criminal tribe' created by law during the colonial period in India? Discuss its implications.
Syllabus Connection
C. Social Changes in India: (i) Visions of Social Change in India: (a) Idea of development planning and mixed economy. (b) Constitution, law and social change. (c) Education and social change. (ii) Rural and Agrarian Transformation in India: (a) Programmes of rural development, Community Development Programme, cooperatives, poverty alleviation schemes. (b) Green revolution and social change. (c) Changing modes of production in Indian agriculture. (d) Problems of rural labour, bondage, migration. (iii) Industrialization and Urbanisation in India: (a) Evolution of modern industry in India. (b) Growth of urban settlements in India. (c) Working class: structure, growth, class mobilization. (d) Informal sector, child labour. (e) Slums and deprivation in urban areas. (iv) Politics and Society: (a) Nation, democracy and citizenship. (b) Political parties, pressure groups, social and political elite. (c) Regionalism and decentralization of power. (d) Secularization. (v) Social Movements in Modern India: (a) Peasants and farmers movements. (b) Women’s movement. (c) Backward classes & Dalit movements. (d) Environmental movements. (e) Ethnicity and Identity movements. (vi) Population Dynamics: (a) Population size, growth, composition and distribution. (b) Components of population growth: birth, death, migration. (c) Population Policy and family planning. (d) Emerging issues: ageing, sex ratios, child and infant mortality, reproductive health. (vii) Challenges of Social Transformation: (a) Crisis of development: displacement, environmental problems and sustainability. (b) Poverty, deprivation and inequalities. (c) Violence against women. (d) Caste conflicts. (e) Ethnic conflicts, communalism, religious revivalism. (f) Illiteracy and disparities in education. (Sociology)
NCERT Connection
Ch.2: Social Change and Social Order in Rural and Urban Society
Sociology • Class 11 • Understanding Society
Ch.5: Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion
Sociology • Class 12 • Indian Society
Ch.4: Change and Development in Rural Society
Sociology • Class 12 • Social Change and Development in India
Ch.8: Social Movements
Sociology • Class 12 • Social Change and Development in India