Directions for the following 8 (eight) items: Read the following two passages and answer the items that follow each passage. Your answers to these items should be based on the passages only. Passage - 1 The Himalayan ecosystem is highly vulnerable to damage, both due to geological reasons and on account of the stress caused by increased pressure of population, exploitation of natural resources and other related challenges. These aspects may be exacerbated due to the impact of climate change. It is possible that climate change may adversely impact the Himalayan ecosystem through increased temperature, altered precipitation patterns, episodes of drought and biotic influences. This would not only impact the very sustenance of the indigenous communities in uplands but also the life of downstream dwellers across the country and beyond. Therefore, there is an urgent need for giving special attention to sustain the Himalayan ecosystem. This would require conscious efforts for conserving all the representative systems. Further, it needs to be emphasized that the endemics with restricted distribution, and most often with specialized habitat requirements, are among the most vulnerable elements. In this respect the Himalayan biodiversity hotspot, with rich endemic diversity, is vulnerable to climate change. The threats include possible loss of genetic resources and species, habitats and concomitantly a decrease in ecosystem services. Therefore, conservation of endemic elements in representative ecosystems/habitats assumes a great significance while drawing conservation plans for the region. Towards achieving the above, we will have to shift toward contemporary conservation approaches, which include a paradigm of landscape level interconnectivity between protected area systems. The concept advocates a shift from the species-habitat focus to an inclusive focus on expanding the biogeographic range so that natural adjustments to climate change can proceed without being restrictive.
With reference to the passage, the following assumptions have been made:
Syllabus Connection
NCERT Connection
Ch.9: Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context
Geography • Class 12 • Class 12 Indian Human Geography
Ch.15: Our Environment
Science • Class 10 • Science Class 10
Ch.16: Sustainable Management of Natural Resources
Science • Class 10 • Science Class 10
Ch.9: Environment and Sustainable Development
Economics • Class 11 • Class 11 Indian Economic Development
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