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(a) The main objectives of socio-religious movements during the colonial rule in India were reforming and synthesizing Hinduism. Write on any two such important movements. (b) Discuss Yogendra Singh's thesis on Modernisation of Indian Tradition, and evaluate its applicability in the present day context. (c) What are the changes in the cultural and structural aspects of the caste system since independence?

(a) Discuss the changing equations of discipline of sociology with other social sciences. (b) Examine the basic postulates of positivism and post-positivism. (c) Elaborate the main tenets of interpretative perspective in sociology.

(a) Indebtedness is one of the serious issues leading to farmers' suicides. Discuss reasons and suggest solutions. (b) Clarify the distinction between 'household' and 'family' and evaluate whether joint families have completely disintegrated. (c) Compare the North Indian Kinship System with the South Indian Kinship System.

(a) Discuss distinct sociological method adopted by Emile Durkheim in his study of 'suicide'. (b) Analyse Marxian conception of historical materialism as a critique of Hegelian dialectics. (c) Examine epistemological foundations of qualitative methods of social research.

(a) Explain the concepts of 'dominant caste' and 'vote bank', giving examples from specific regions. (b) What is the nature of religious change among tribal communities? Illustrate with two examples from colonial and post independence times. (c) Compare the pressing problems of a dalit poor family living in an urban slum with a similar type of family living in a rural setting.

(a) What is Weberian critique of Marxist notion of social stratification ? (b) Examine gender, ethnicity and race as major dimensions of social stratification. (c) How can one resolve the issue of reliability and validity in the context of sociological research on inequality ?

(a) What are the reasons for the escalation of violence against women in the public domain? (b) Write a note on Education and Equality in India. (c) Give an account of the problems relating to the "creamy layer". (d) Do you agree that the issue of child labour raises questions about and beyond the informal sector? Give reasons. (e) What are the emerging concerns on women's reproductive health?

(a) What do you understand by 'informalisation of labour' ? Write your answer with special reference to India. (b) Discuss the changing interface between state and civil society in post-independent India. (c) Give an assessment of Durkheimian notion of 'sacred' and 'profane' in sociology of religion. (d) Examine 'patriarchal bargain' as gendered division of work in contemporary India. (e) Assess the role of mass media as an agent of social change.

(a) Discuss some of the striking issues of development induced imbalances that need urgent attention. (b) Examine the impact of heritage tourism on urban socio-spatial patterns in India. (c) What are the causes and solutions for the low female sex-ratio in the DEMARU States of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal and Gujarat?

(a) Trace the changing nature of organisation of work in capitalist society over the years. (b) What is new in 'new social movements' ? Elaborate your answer with special reference to India. (c) Examine the dynamics of pressure groups in multi-party political system.

(a) Despite gains from the women's movement and state policy of women empowerment, gender equality is far from achieved. Identify two major challenges that prevent this goal from being reached. (b) To what extent does nation building depend on strengthening of pluralities in Indian society? (c) Explain the issues relating to ethnicity and sub-ethnicity.

(a) Examine the relationship between the contemporary trends in marriage and changing forms of family. (b) Discuss the regional variations of kinship system in Indian society. (c) Problematise the concept of secularism in the present context.

(a) What is Cultural Revivalism? Give some examples from performing arts, language dissemination and arts and crafts in recent times. (b) What, according to you, are the two fundamental axes of social discrimination in Indian society? Are they changing? (c) Why have we started using another category of tribes called the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs)? Why are they so called?

(a) Examine any two theories of social change in detail. (b) Critically analyse the role of science and technology in bringing about social change. (c) Elaborate on various types of religious practices prevalent in Indian society.