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(a) Differentiate between 'Life-chances' and 'Life-style' with suitable examples. (b) Discuss the issues of access and exclusion in higher education in India. (c) What is civil society? Present a note on civil society engagement with science and technology policy in India. (d) Critique A.G. Frank's 'development of underdevelopment'. (e) How well do you think Tonnies, Durkheim, Weber and Marx predicted the character of modern society? Critique.

(a) Comment on the critical issues of commercialization of higher education in India. (b) Discuss the challenges in implementing the Rural Development Programmes in India. (c) Elaborate urbanism as a way of life in India. (d) Comment on the changing democratic profile of India. (e) Elucidate the concerns of growing urban displacement dynamics in India.

(a) Why is gender a dimension of social stratification? How does gender intersect other dimensions of inequality based on caste, class, race and ethnicity? (b) What are the theoretical models of societal power? Which one of them is most applicable in advanced industrial societies? (c) What is affirmative action? Substantiate theoretical positions on affirmative actions with examples.

(a) Examine the importance of Development Planning in Indian Mixed Economy, and analyze its problems and prospects. (b) Highlight the main features of the 'Inter-linking of Rivers' project in India. What could be its probable advantages to Indian agriculture? (c) Has reduction of green cover affected ecological degradation leading to global warming? Elaborate your answer with illustration.

(a) What is 'informal labour'? Discuss the need for and challenges in regulating informal labour in the post-industrial society. (b) Feminist scholars argue that 'New media' is masculine and hence reinforces structural hierarchies rather than reconfiguring them. Comment. (c) Discuss the concept of circulation of elite.

(a) Do you think that 'demonetization' has accelerated the economic growth in India? How do you understand the informalization of labour, underemployment and gender discrimination in this context? (b) Discuss the implications of 'Swachha Bharat Abhiyan'. Do you think that civil society has a role to play here? Substantiate your answer with examples. (c) Do you agree that social movements are caused by opportunity structures that are generated by media? Why?

(a) In the light of judicial intervention on 'Live-in relationships', discuss the future of marriage and family in India. (b) How, according to Merton, are deviant subcultures generated? (c) How is terrorism a new form of asymmetrical warfare? What are some of the challenges in trying to win the war on terrorism?

(a) Why has 'active aging' become a glocal goal? Do you agree that the role of elderly care-giving is disproportionately gendered in developing countries? Why? (b) What is POSH Act? "Identification of tormentor by women at workplace does not come easily even today." Examine the statement with substantive examples from India. (c) What is 'social security? Examine recent security measures adopted by the Government in India.

(a) The focal point of Sociology rests on interaction. How do you distinguish it from common sense? (b) Distinguish between fact and value in Weber's Protestant Ethic and Spirit of Capitalism. (c) Do you think 'I' and 'Me' are central terms in Mead's work? (d) What is the difference between natural and social inequality? Give examples from caste and class dimensions. (e) What are the new forms of family in developed societies? Discuss.

(a) Is non-positivistic methodology scientific? Illustrate. (b) Explain Durkheim's basic arguments on suicide. Can you analyse high suicide rates of contemporary Indian society with Durkheim's theory? (c) Evaluate if social stratification is functional for society.

(a) Does collapse of functionalism and bankruptcy of Marxism coincide with the rupture of modernity? Discuss. (b) Define patriarchy. How does patriarchy manifest in interpersonal relations? (c) What is the difference between anomie in Merton and Durkheim? Explain.

(a) According to Marx, how are human beings alienated from their human potential and what does he suggest to change this? (b) Schooling does not ensure upward mobility of all members of the society. Discuss with reference to class societies. (c) Discuss the challenges thrown by religious revivalism to a secular nation-state.

(a) Is the theory of cultural lag valid in present times? Discuss. (b) Are social movements primordial in means and progressive in agenda? Explain. (c) Does scientific method make Sociology a science? Illustrate your answer with Durkheim's method. (d) Distinguish between quantitative and qualitative techniques of data collection with suitable examples from Indian society. (e) Is social mobility possible in closed systems of stratification? Illustrate from research work.

(a) Discuss the nature of social organisation of work in capitalist society with reference to the 'Limits of the working day'. (b) Distinguish between family and household with reference to the concept of development of the household. (c) Explain with examples, the explanatory and exploratory designs of social research.

(a) How can Parsons' AGIL framework be used to analyse key problems in a society? Discuss. (b) What is labour commitment? Discuss it with reference to studies of manufacturing industry. (c) What, according to Pareto, are the basic characteristics of elites? Discuss.

(a) "The sociological imagination enables us to grasp history and biography and the relationship between the two in a society." — C.W. Mills. Explain. (b) What are sects? Discuss their role in multi-religious societies with empirical examples. (c) In what way did Durkheim perceive religion as functional to society?

(a) Write a note on G. S. Ghurye's Indological perspective of understanding Indian society. (b) Give a critical analysis of Andre Beteille's study of Tanjore village. (c) Media is the fourth pillar of democracy. Discuss. (d) Write a note on the changing roles of middle-class women in India. (e) Discuss the growth of religious sects in India.

(a) Analyze A. R. Desai's views on India's path of development. (b) Examine sociological dynamics of Champaran Peasant Movement in colonial India. (c) How do the recommendations of Swaminathan Commission (2004-2006) ensure food and nutrition security for the Indian masses?

(a) What do you understand by discrete castes and muddled hierarchies? Substantiate your answer with suitable illustrations. (b) Discuss development-induced displacement in the context of tribal uprising in India. Substantiate your answer with any one detailed illustration from India. (c) Illustrate the importance of 'Kanyadan' and 'Kulabadhu' in changing institutions of marriage and family.

(a) How has the New Economic Policy (1991) affected the lifestyle and life-chances of new middle class in India? (b) Write a critical narrative on the concerns of religious minorities in India. (c) Discuss the issues relating to the entitlement of transgender in Indian society.