Mains 2023 • GS-IV • Q.7

(a) What were the major teachings of Guru Nanak? Explain their relevance in the contemporary world. (b) Explain the term social capital. How does it enhance good governance?

(a) Is conscience a more reliable guide when compared to laws, rules and regulations in the context of ethical decision-making? Discuss. (b) 'Probity is essential for an effective system of governance and socio-economic development.' Discuss.

(a) "What really matters for success, character, happiness and lifelong achievements is a definite set of emotional skills - your EQ - not just purely cognitive abilities that are measured by conventional IQ tests." Do you agree with this view? Give reasons in support of your answer. (b) Differentiate 'moral intuition' from 'moral reasoning' with suitable examples.

(a) "The simplest acts of kindness are by far more powerful than a thousand heads bowing in prayer." - Mahatma Gandhi. What does this quotation convey to you in the present context? (b) "To awaken the people, it is the women who must be awakened. Once she is on the move, the family moves, the village moves, the nation moves." - Jawaharlal Nehru. What does this quotation convey to you in the present context? (c) "Do not hate anybody, because that hatred that comes out from you must, in the long run, come back to you. If you love, that love will come back to you, completing the circle." - Swami Vivekananda. What does this quotation convey to you in the present context?

(a) Law and ethics are considered to be the two tools for controlling human conduct so as to make it conducive to civilized social existence. Discuss how they achieve this objective. (b) Giving examples, show how the two differ in their approaches.