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(a) In what ways do class and caste intersect and overlap in shaping social structure? (b) Critically examine the position of women in the informal economy. (c) Discuss the role of geographical factors in social change and development. (d) Although sociology, as a subject of study, overarches all disciplines in social sciences yet it maintains its distinctiveness. Comment. (e) Explain in brief the relationship between social movement, collective action and revolution in bringing about social and political changes.

(a) Describe the impact of capitalist mode of production on society. (b) Differentiate between social hierarchy and social exclusion and substantiate your answer with reference to the caste system. (c) 'Data without theory is blind and theory without data is empty.' Comment.

(a) Compare and critically assess 'the grounded theory' with 'theory-driven research method' in sociology. (b) According to Weber how do class, status and power interact to produce and sustain social inequality? (c) Compare the social organisation of work in industrial capitalism and platform capitalism.

(a) Give an account of the recent trends of marriage in the Indian context. How are these different from traditional practices? (b) What would you identify as the similarities and differences in the elite theories of Mosca, Michels and Pareto? Discuss their main/crucial issues. (c) Critically analyze the sociological significance of informal sector in the economy of developing societies.

(a) In what way is the scope of sociology unique? Explain. (b) Does the structural-functionalist perspective on social stratification promote a status quo? Give reasons for your answer. (c) Do you think that the formal workspaces are free of gender bias? Argue your case. (d) How does Weber's Verstehen address the objectivity-subjectivity debate in sociology? (e) To what extent can education and skill development be an agent of social change? Critically analyze.

(a) What do you understand by 'mixed method' ? Discuss its strengths and limitations in social research. (b) Define the concept of 'gig' economy and discuss its impact on labour market and workers' social security net. (c) Critically assess the impact of technological advancement and automation on the nature of work and employment.

(a) Describe various characteristics of a 'social fact'. How is rate of suicide a social fact according to Durkheim? (b) Explain G.H. Mead's idea of development of 'self' through the 'generalised other'. (c) Describe the differing principles of work organization in feudal and capitalist societies. (d) How is 'power' different from 'authority' ? Discuss various types of authorities as theorized by Max Weber. (e) Critically examine the roles of science and technology in social change. What is your opinion on their increasing trend in 'online' education and teaching?

(a) Explain how economic globalization has brought changes in the patterns of employment in the 21st century. (b) Do you think that the social media has brought significant changes in the forms of protest? Argue your case. (c) Assess critically A. G. Frank's 'theory of development of underdevelopment'.

(a) What is Taylorism? Analyze its merits and demerits. (b) What are new religious movements? Elaborate emphasizing their forms and orientations. (c) Examine the role of science and technology in addressing age-old taboos and superstitions.

(a) Explain the emerging challenges in establishing gender equality in the informal sector. (b) Critically examine the relevance of Vilfredo Pareto's theory of Circulation of Elites in the present scenario. (c) Critically compare the views of E.B. Tylor and Max Muller on Religion. (d) What is cult? Explain the growth of cults in the contemporary world. (e) Do you think Talcott Parsons gave an adequate theory of social change? Justify your answer.

(a) Elucidate the main problems and challenges faced by the migrant labourers in the recent 'Lockdown period'. (b) Explain how political parties and pressure groups are dialectically related to each other in terms of achieving their goals. (c) Give your comments on the growth of religious revivalism in the present day context.

(a) Capitalism has brought increasing informalisation of work in society. Substantiate your answer. (b) Critically analyse Durkheim's views on elementary forms of religious life and role of religion. Also discuss the consequences of religious revivalism in contemporary society. (c) Discuss the consequences of Across Region marriage on kinship system in modern Indian society.

(a) Discuss the new labour codes and their impact on formal and informal labour in India. (b) According to Mills, "Elites rule in institutional terms rather than psychological terms." Comment. (c) Analyse the strengths and weaknesses of social survey method in social research.

(a) What is 'informal labour'? Discuss the need for and challenges in regulating informal labour in the post-industrial society. (b) Feminist scholars argue that 'New media' is masculine and hence reinforces structural hierarchies rather than reconfiguring them. Comment. (c) Discuss the concept of circulation of elite.

(a) Do you think that 'demonetization' has accelerated the economic growth in India? How do you understand the informalization of labour, underemployment and gender discrimination in this context? (b) Discuss the implications of 'Swachha Bharat Abhiyan'. Do you think that civil society has a role to play here? Substantiate your answer with examples. (c) Do you agree that social movements are caused by opportunity structures that are generated by media? Why?

(a) Why has 'active aging' become a glocal goal? Do you agree that the role of elderly care-giving is disproportionately gendered in developing countries? Why? (b) What is POSH Act? "Identification of tormentor by women at workplace does not come easily even today." Examine the statement with substantive examples from India. (c) What is 'social security? Examine recent security measures adopted by the Government in India.

(a) Discuss the nature of social organisation of work in capitalist society with reference to the 'Limits of the working day'. (b) Distinguish between family and household with reference to the concept of development of the household. (c) Explain with examples, the explanatory and exploratory designs of social research.

(a) The transfer of land from cultivating to the non-cultivating owners is bringing about transformation in Indian society. Justify your answer by giving suitable illustrations. (b) Bring out various factors responsible for declining of village Industries in India. (c) Discuss the social bases of political mobilization in Independent India. Has some change occurred in these during the last 60-70 years? (d) What are the major problems faced by the labour migrants while working in informal sectors of Indian States? Discuss. (e) Do you think that law has been able to abolish child labour in India? Comment.

(a) Critically examine the relevance of Durkheim's views on religion in contemporary society. (b) Discuss various theoretical perspectives on the family. (c) Explain the implications of feminization of work in the developing societies. (d) Write a note on global trends of secularization. (e) Trace the trajectory of development perspectives on social change.

(a) Examine the colonial policy of segregation of tribes under the Government of India Act, 1935. (b) Discuss the dynamics of 'migrant workers' in India in the context of Corona pandemic. (c) How does Andre Beteille justify 'middle class in India'?